Hoan Kiem Lake (Sword Lake): History, Things To See & Travel Guide

Located in the heart of Hanoi's bustling Hoan Kiem District and nestled in the heart of Hanoi's bustling Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Lake is more than just a scenic attraction in Hanoi, it embodies the soul of Vietnam's capital city. Revered as the “Lake of the Returned Sword”, the lake is intertwined with the legendary tale of King Le Loi, who is said to have returned a divine sword to the Golden Turtle God within its waters. Beyond its mythic origins, Hoan Kiem Lake serves as a living testament to Hanoi’s cultural identity, where ancient legends meet modern-day life, local festivals, and serene reflections of the Turtle Tower. This article of GTrip unravels the layers of history, symbolism, and daily vibrancy that make Hoan Kiem Lake a focal point for locals and travelers alike. As you delve deeper, discover the hidden narratives of Ngoc Son Temple, the timeless elegance of The Huc Bridge, and the ever-present echoes of Hanoi’s storied past.

History and legends of Hoan Kiem Lake

Hoan Kiem Lake is a historic and cultural symbol of the city, deeply tied to the legendary tale of Emperor Le Loi returning a magical sword to the Golden Turtle God after defeating foreign invaders.

The legend of the Returned Sword

The legend of Hoan Kiem Lake, or the “Lake of the Returned Sword”, is one of Vietnam's most cherished tales. According to the myth, during the early 15th century, the country was under the oppressive rule of the Ming Dynasty from China. Amid the struggle for independence, a local leader named Le Loi rose to prominence. Known for his charisma and determination, Le Loi sought to reclaim the sovereignty of his people.

The legend tells that a fisherman named Le Than discovered a magical sword while fishing in Thanh Hoa province. Recognizing its mystical power, Le Than offered the sword to Le Loi, who wielded it in his battles against the Ming forces. With the sword's supernatural assistance, Le Loi successfully led the Lam Son uprising, ultimately defeating the Ming invaders and liberating the nation. In 1428, he ascended to the throne as Emperor Le Thai To.

Sometime after his coronation, while boating on a serene lake in the heart of Hanoi, a giant golden turtle emerged from the water. The creature believed to be a divine emissary of the Dragon King, surfaced and demanded the return of the sword. Understanding the symbolic significance of the request - that the sword’s purpose had been fulfilled, Le Loi released the weapon to the turtle. As it grasped the sword in its mouth, the turtle disappeared beneath the surface, and the lake earned its name: Hoan Kiem, the “Lake of the Returned Sword”.

Hoan Kiem Lake means the “Lake of the Returned Sword”

King Le Loi & the Golden Turtle God

King Le Loi is a pivotal figure in Vietnam's history, celebrated for his strategic acumen and his role in reestablishing national independence. The legend of the returned sword reinforces his legacy as a wise and just leader and also symbolizes the unity and resilience of the Vietnamese people.

The Golden Turtle God, known locally as Kim Quy, is a recurring symbol in Vietnamese folklore. Often depicted as a protector of the nation, Kim Quy’s appearance in the legend adds a divine aspect to the lake's mythology. The turtle embodies wisdom, strength, and protection - qualities that resonate with the cultural values of the Vietnamese people. Over time, sightings of turtles in the lake have been seen as auspicious, linking the present to the age-old legend.

Evolution of the lake through time

Historically, Hoan Kiem Lake was known as “Luc Thuy” meaning “Green Water” due to its jade-colored waters. The name was officially changed to Hoan Kiem in the 15th century to honor the legend of King Le Loi. The lake has witnessed numerous historical and cultural transformations. During the French colonial era, parts of the lake's surroundings were redesigned to reflect European architecture, yet its core symbolism remained intact.

Modern-day Hoan Kiem Lake is a vibrant center for both locals and tourists. Turtle Tower, built on a small islet in the lake during the 19th century, serves as a tribute to the legend. The tower's presence reinforces the lasting influence of the tale of the returned sword. The combination of myth, history, and cultural identity makes Hoan Kiem Lake a timeless emblem of Hanoi's heart.

Turtle Tower, built on a small islet in the lake during the 19th century, serves as a tribute to the legend

4 things to see when visiting Hoan Kiem Lake

Hoan Kiem Lake, often regarded as the heart of Hanoi, is a serene natural landmark and a cultural epicenter that draws both locals and travelers. A visit to this iconic lake offers a chance to explore architectural wonders, spiritual sanctuaries, and symbolic relics that encapsulate centuries of history. Below are the key attractions and sights you shouldn't miss when exploring Hoan Kiem Lake.

1. Pen Tower (Thap But)

Located on the northern edge of Hoan Kiem Lake near the entrance to Ngoc Son Temple, the Pen Tower (Thap But) is a simple yet meaningful monument. Built in the 19th century, the stone tower symbolizes the power of knowledge and the importance of intellectualism in Vietnamese culture. The three Chinese characters “Ta Thanh Thien” carved into the tower mean “Writing on the blue sky”, symbolizing scholarly aspirations. Tourists sometimes may overlook the symbolism of the Pen Tower, but for locals and scholars, it represents respect for literature and learning values ​​deeply rooted in Vietnamese history.

The Pen Tower symbolizes the power of knowledge and the importance of intellectualism in Vietnamese culture

2. The Huc Red Bridge

Connecting the shore of Hoan Kiem Lake to Jade Island, The Huc Bridge is a striking red structure known as the “Perch of the Morning Sunlight”. The bridge’s vibrant red color is symbolic of prosperity, good fortune, and happiness in Vietnamese culture. Its curved, classical design enhances the aesthetic harmony of the lake, complementing the intricate architecture of Ngoc Son Temple. Beyond its visual appeal, The Huc Bridge has profound cultural importance, serving as a symbolic gateway to the sacred space of Ngoc Son Temple. For many locals and pilgrims, crossing the bridge signifies a transition from the earthly realm to a spiritual sanctuary, an act of purification before entering the temple. The striking contrast between the red bridge, the lush greenery of Jade Island, and the still, reflective waters of the lake make it a favorite spot for photography. Early morning visits offer the best chance to experience the bridge's serenity, when the gentle morning light softly illuminates the entire scene, creating a truly picturesque moment.

The Huc Bridge has profound cultural importance, serving as a symbolic gateway to the sacred space of Ngoc Son Temple

3. Ngoc Son Temple and Jade Island

Sitting gracefully on Jade Island, Ngoc Son Temple is a prominent historical and spiritual landmark nestled in the heart of Hoan Kiem Lake. The temple is accessible via the iconic red-painted The Huc Bridge. It is dedicated to three revered figures. The first is General Tran Hung Dao, a national hero famed for his victories against the Mongol invasions. The second is Van Xuong, a scholar who symbolizes academic achievement. The third is La To, the patron deity of physicians. In addition, the temple also worships Buddha Amitabha.

The temple's architecture is a harmonious blend of Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist influences, reflected in its intricately carved altars, ancient Chinese inscriptions, and a variety of symbolic statues. Every detail of the temple reflects the philosophical balance of yin and yang, creating a tranquil yet powerful spiritual atmosphere. You can observe locals praying for blessings, health, and success, while the scent of burning incense and soft chants heighten the sacred experience. In the back of the temple, there is a preserved specimen of the giant soft-shell turtle species that once inhabited the lake, symbolizing the enduring legend of King Le Loi’s returned sword. Visiting during the early morning hours offers a serene experience, with the calm lake and locals practicing tai chi, enhancing the temple's mystical aura.

Ngoc Son Temple is a prominent historical and spiritual landmark nestled in the heart of Hoan Kiem Lake

4. Turtle Tower

Standing on a small islet at the southern end of Hoan Kiem Lake, Turtle Tower is an emblematic structure symbolizing Hanoi's rich history. Built in the late 19th century, the tower pays homage to the legendary turtle linked to the myth of King Le Loi, a tale of national pride and resilience. While the tower’s design is relatively simple, its symbolic significance as a guardian of the lake and a symbol of Vietnamese patriotism endures. The tower's inaccessibility to the public adds to its enigmatic charm, making it a revered yet untouchable symbol of the city. At dawn and dusk, the reflection of the illuminated tower shimmering on the lake's surface creates a breathtaking sight, captivating both locals and tourists. Though it cannot be visited closely, Turtle Tower’s presence on Hanoi’s postcards and promotional materials highlights its status as a cultural icon.

Turtle Tower is an emblematic structure symbolizing Hanoi's rich history

Visiting Hoan Kiem Lake is an exploration of Vietnam’s cultural soul. Each landmark, from the spiritual Ngoc Son Temple to the enigmatic Turtle Tower, and the vibrant The Huc Bridge, carries its own narrative woven into the city’s history. The lake and its surroundings serve as a testament to Hanoi’s enduring heritage, making it a must-visit for anyone seeking to connect with Vietnam's rich cultural tapestry.

When is the best time to visit Hoan Kiem Lake?

Hoan Kiem Lake is not just a scenic spot but a cultural landmark that mirrors the city's rich history and vibrant daily life. Choosing the right time of day to visit can enhance your experience.

Ideal seasons for visiting Hoan Kiem Lake

• Spring (March to April): The weather is pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F). The lake is surrounded by blooming flowers, especially the iconic peach blossoms, creating a picturesque view. This period aligns with the Lunar New Year (Tet) celebrations, adding cultural richness.
• Autumn (September to November): Often regarded as the best time to visit Hanoi, with cool, dry weather and average temperatures of 20°C to 28°C (68°F to 82°F). The golden leaves around the lake enhance its romantic charm, ideal for photography and leisurely walks.

Visiting Hoan Kiem Lake by time of day

Autumn (September to November) is often regarded as the best time to visit Hanoi

How to get to Hoan Kiem Lake?

Hoan Kiem Lake is a central landmark that draws both locals and tourists for its cultural significance and scenic views. Given its prime location, reaching Hoan Kiem Lake is relatively straightforward, whether you are coming from within Hanoi or arriving from Noi Bai International Airport. This section will provide a detailed guide to the most efficient transportation options to ensure a smooth journey.

Getting to Hoan Kiem Lake from Noi Bai International Airport

Noi Bai International Airport (HAN) is approximately 26 kilometers from Hoan Kiem Lake. Depending on traffic, the journey typically takes between 40 minutes to 1 hour. Here are the most common transportation options:

• Airport taxi:
  • Estimated cost: VND 300,000 - 450,000 (around 12 - 18 USD)
  • Pros: Convenient, direct to your hotel or the lake.
  • Cons: Prices may vary, so ensure you use a reputable taxi company like Mai Linh or G7 to avoid scams.
• Grab (Ride-hailing app):
  • Estimated Cost: VND 250,000 - 400,000 (around 10 - 16 USD)
  • Pros: Transparent pricing, no haggling, option for cashless payment.
  • Cons: May require a local SIM card or internet connection for booking.
• Airport shuttle buses:
  • Routes: Bus 86 is the most popular, connecting the airport to Hanoi Railway Station with a stop near Hoan Kiem Lake.
  • Fare: Approximately VND 35,000 (1.50 USD)
  • Pros: Economical, reliable, and comfortable.
  • Cons: Limited luggage space, not available late at night (last bus around 10:30 PM).
• Public city buses:
  • Routes: Bus 7 to Cau Giay or Bus 17 to Long Bien, then transfer to a bus heading to Hoan Kiem.
  • Fare: Around VND 10,000 (USD 0.40)
  • Pros: Cheapest option.
  • Cons: Can be confusing for non-locals; language barriers may be challenging.

Depending on traffic, the journey from the airport to Hoan Kiem Lake typically takes between 40 minutes to 1 hour

Getting to Hoan Kiem Lake from popular areas in Hanoi

If you are already in Hanoi, reaching Hoan Kiem Lake is simple due to its central location. Here are some practical transportation methods:

• Walking:
  • If staying in the Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Lake is usually just a 5 - 10-minute walk.
  • Pros: Free, scenic, perfect for exploring Hanoi’s vibrant streets.
  • Cons: Can be crowded during peak times or weekends.
• Cyclo (three-wheeled bicycle taxi):
  • Fare: VND 100,000 - 150,000 (4 - 6 USD) for a short ride
  • Pros: Authentic, traditional experience.
  • Cons: May be overpriced for tourists; negotiate clearly before the ride.
• Motorbike taxi and Grab bike:
  • Fare: VND 20,000 - 50,000 (1 - 2 USD) for a short ride
  • Pros: Fast, maneuverable through traffic, economical.
  • Cons: Less comfortable for those unfamiliar with Hanoi traffic.
• Public buses:
  • Several bus routes pass near Hoan Kiem Lake, including Routes 09, 14, and 36.
  • Fare: VND 7,000 (0.30 USD)
  • Pros: Very cheap, extensive network.
  • Cons: Complex for non-Vietnamese speakers, can be crowded.

Reaching Hoan Kiem Lake is simple due to its central location

Travel tips and recommendations

• Avoid rush hours: Typically from 7:30 AM to 9:30 AM and 4:30 PM to 7:00 PM. Traffic congestion can be intense, extending travel time.
• Language: Most drivers, especially taxi and Grab drivers, understand basic English, but having your destination written in Vietnamese can help.
• Local SIM card: Consider buying a local SIM card with data (from Viettel, Mobifone, or Vinaphone) for easy navigation and booking rides via Grab.
• Safety and scams: When taking taxis or cyclos, agree on the price before starting the ride. Avoid unofficial taxis without meters.

Practical visitor information

Visiting Hoan Kiem Lake offers an enriching cultural experience, but it’s essential to understand the local norms and practices to make the most of your visit. As a blend of a public recreational area and a historical landmark, maintaining proper etiquette is crucial to ensure a positive experience for both tourists and locals.

Dos and don'ts when visiting cultural sites

• Dress modestly: Although the area around Hoan Kiem Lake is generally relaxed, modest clothing is recommended, especially when visiting Ngoc Son Temple on Jade Island. Avoid revealing attire as a sign of respect.
• Photography etiquette: Taking photos of landmarks like Turtle Tower, The Huc Bridge, and the surrounding areas is encouraged. However, avoid using flash when visiting the temple and refrain from photographing people, especially monks or individuals praying, without their consent.
• Respect religious practices: When entering Ngoc Son Temple, be mindful of rituals and ceremonies. Remove your shoes before stepping into the inner sanctuaries and avoid pointing your feet toward religious altars.
• Quiet demeanor: Keep noise levels low, especially during early morning hours when locals practice tai chi or perform rituals. Disruptive behavior is seen as disrespectful.
• Littering: Hoan Kiem Lake is a symbol of pride for the people of Hanoi. Dispose of litter properly and avoid any activities that could damage the lake’s ecosystem or disturb its wildlife.

Navigating busy urban streets

• Traffic awareness: The streets around Hoan Kiem Lake can be bustling, particularly during weekends and holidays. Be cautious when crossing roads - use pedestrian crossings when available and make eye contact with drivers to ensure safety.
• Avoiding scams: As a popular tourist spot, there may be individuals attempting to overcharge for souvenirs, services, or cyclo rides. Always confirm prices beforehand and use reputable service providers.
• Personal belongings: Pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas. Keep your belongings secure, avoid displaying valuables openly, and use a money belt if necessary.

The streets around Hoan Kiem Lake can be bustling, particularly during weekends and holidays

Accessibility considerations

• Mobility access: The pathways around Hoan Kiem Lake are generally accessible for individuals with mobility issues. However, entry to Ngoc Son Temple involves steps, making it less accessible to wheelchair users.
• Transportation: Electric carts are available for guided tours around the lake, ideal for those with limited mobility. These services can be booked through authorized providers nearby.
• Facilities: Restrooms are available in nearby cafes and establishments; however, they may not always be equipped for individuals with disabilities. Planning restroom breaks accordingly is advisable.

By following these guidelines, you can have a meaningful and respectful experience at Hoan Kiem Lake while preserving the cultural integrity and sanctity of this historical landmark.

Accommodation options near Hoan Kiem Lake

When it comes to accommodation near Hoan Kiem Lake, there is a diverse selection of options catering to all preferences and budgets. Below are some of the top accommodation choices:

1. The Oriental Jade Hotel
2. Address: 92-94 Hang Trong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi
3. Phone: +84 24 3936 7777
4. Price range: $156 - $390 (4,000,000 - 10,000,000 VND) per night
5. Amenities: Rooftop pool, fitness center, spa, in-house restaurant, and bar. Stunning views of Hoan Kiem Lake and the Old Quarter. Popular for honeymooners and luxury travelers.
6. Apricot Hotel Hanoi
7. Address: 136 Hang Trong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
8. Phone: +84 24 3828 9595
9. Price range: $120 - $250 (2,880,000 - 6,000,000 VND) per night
10. Amenities: Art-inspired decor, rooftop pool with a view of the lake, a fine-dining restaurant, and wellness services. Known for its luxurious ambiance and proximity to key attractions.

This hotel is known for its luxurious ambiance and proximity to key attractions

Hanoi La Siesta Central Hotel & Spa

• Address: 1b Cau Go, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
• Phone: +84 24 3926 3641
• Price range: $80 - $150 (1,920,000 - 3,600,000 VND) per night
• Amenities: Spa, rooftop bar, free breakfast, and elegant room design. Exceptional service and highly rated by couples and solo travelers.

Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi

• Address: 15 Ngo Quyen Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi
• Phone: +84 24 3826 6919
• Price range: $250 - $500 (6,000,000 - 12,000,000 VND) per night
• Amenities: Historical colonial architecture, award-winning restaurants, spa, fitness center, and pool. Often considered the pinnacle of luxury and history in Hanoi.

Hanoi Saga Hotel

• Address: 54 Phat Loc, Hang Buom, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
• Phone: +84 36 331 5968
• Price range: $60 - $120 (1,440,000 - 2,880,000 VND) per night
• Amenities: Comfortable rooms, rooftop terrace, in-house dining, and a convenient location for exploring both Hoan Kiem Lake and Hanoi’s French Quarter. Well-suited for families and leisure travelers.

The hotel has a convenient location for exploring both Hoan Kiem Lake and Hanoi’s French Quarter

Frequently Asked Questions when visiting Hoan Kiem Lake

1. Are there any admission fees to visit Hoan Kiem Lake?

Visiting Hoan Kiem Lake itself is entirely free. There are no entrance fees required to access the lake or walk along its scenic pathways. The lake is a public space managed by Hanoi’s municipal authorities, ensuring that locals and tourists can enjoy the area without any cost.

However, if you wish to visit certain attractions situated on the lake, such as Ngoc Son Temple on Jade Island, there is a small admission fee. The ticket price for Ngoc Son Temple typically ranges from 30,000 to 40,000 VND (approximately $1.30 to $1.70). This fee supports the maintenance of the temple grounds and cultural preservation efforts. For those planning to experience cultural shows, such as the Thang Long Water Puppet Theater, ticket prices generally range from 100,000 to 200,000 VND (about $4 to $8), depending on the seating category.

Visiting Hoan Kiem Lake itself is entirely free

2. Can tourists rent boats to tour Hoan Kiem Lake?

Unlike other popular lakes in Vietnam, Hoan Kiem Lake does not offer traditional boat tours for sightseeing. The lake's relatively small size, shallow depth (approximately 1.2 meters on average), and its role as a historic and cultural symbol limit such commercial activities. The preservation of its tranquil ambiance and the protection of its ecological environment are prioritized.

While boat tours are unavailable, there are other immersive ways to explore the lake's beauty and cultural significance:

• Guided walking tours: Numerous travel agencies in the Old Quarter offer guided walking tours around the lake, highlighting its history, legends, and cultural landmarks like The Huc Bridge, Ngoc Son Temple, and Turtle Tower.
• Photography tours: Given the lake's iconic status, photography tours are popular, especially during sunrise and sunset. These tours often include sessions at the nearby St. Joseph's Cathedral and Dong Xuan Market.

If you wish to experience boating, consider a visit to West Lake, Hanoi's largest freshwater lake, where swan pedal boats can be rented for a nominal fee.

Unlike other popular lakes in Vietnam, Hoan Kiem Lake does not offer traditional boat tours for sightseeing

3. Can I rent a cyclo or bicycle near the lake?

Yes, renting a cyclo (traditional Vietnamese rickshaw) or a bicycle near Hoan Kiem Lake is possible and offers a unique way to explore the area's charming streets.

• Cyclo rentals: Cyclo rides are a nostalgic experience, often managed by licensed operators who are knowledgeable about Hanoi’s history. They are commonly found around the lake, especially along Dinh Tien Hoang Street. Prices for a 30-minute ride typically range from 100,000 to 150,000 VND ($4 to $6). It's advisable to agree on the price before starting the ride.
• Bicycle rentals: While bicycles are less common in the immediate vicinity of the lake due to the crowded streets, some hostels, guesthouses, and rental shops in the Old Quarter offer bicycles for rent. Daily rental rates range from 50,000 to 100,000 VND ($2 to $4).

Pro tips:

• Choose cyclos for a guided and relaxed experience with local insights.
• If cycling, navigate carefully during rush hours, as traffic can be overwhelming.
• Ensure the bicycle or cyclo service is operated by licensed providers to avoid potential scams.

Renting a cyclo or a bicycle near Hoan Kiem Lake is possible and offers a unique way to explore the area's charming streets

4. How does the lake influence Hanoi’s cultural identity?

Hoan Kiem Lake is more than just a picturesque landmark, it is a cultural and historical epicenter of Hanoi. The lake has been a witness to Hanoi’s transformation across centuries, symbolizing the resilience, heritage, and spirit of the Vietnamese people.

• Historical symbolism: The legend of King Le Loi and the Returned Sword reflects Vietnam's quest for independence and peace. The Golden Turtle God, believed to reside in the lake, symbolizes divine protection and national pride.
• Daily life: The lake is a gathering spot for the elderly practicing tai chi at sunrise, students sketching the scenery, and couples taking wedding photos. It embodies the harmonious blend of tradition and modernity in Hanoi’s daily life.
• Festivals and events: The lake often hosts festivals and cultural events, especially during Tet (Lunar New Year), attracting locals and tourists alike. Its role in such events reinforces its status as a cultural hub.
• Literature and art: The lake has been immortalized in Vietnamese literature, poetry, and painting, further embedding its image into the national psyche.

In essence, Hoan Kiem Lake is not just a geographical feature but a living symbol of Hanoi’s cultural identity, bridging its historical legacy with contemporary urban life.

The lake has been a witness to Hanoi’s transformation across centuries, symbolizing the resilience, heritage, and spirit of the Vietnamese people

Hoan Kiem Lake is a symbol of the city's rich history, vibrant culture, and local life. The lake offers a glimpse into Vietnam's soul while providing a peaceful escape from the bustling streets. To dive deeper into Hanoi's cultural tapestry or discover nearby attractions, explore related articles of GTrip - Vietnam Travel Agency.